Help to use the Mobiliscope

1) Preliminary notes

Initial data come from Origin-Destination surveys (from 2009 to 2019). Once transformed, these data have been used to estimate the ambient population in every district at exact hours (04.00, 05.00 etc.) during a typical weekday (Monday-Friday).

Number and proportion of ambient population aggregated by district and hour are estimation : they are subject to statistical margins of error.

58 city regions (spread over 5 countries) are included in the actual version of the Mobiliscope (v4.2).
To choose the city region you want to observe, please selection the city region in the drop-down menu or use the magnify tool from a search by name.

2) Select a map

In the left-hand menu, you can choose indicator (classified into broad families such as demographic or social profile) and its map representation - eitheir as aof the total population, or number or flows.
To get informations about indicators, click button on the right side.

accordeonmenu

With flows maps you get number of non-resident people at district level. With links (displayed on mouseover), you can see their district of residence (not available on touch screens).

oursins

3) Change hours

At the top of the screen, click play button in the timeline to animate map and graphics according to the 24 hours of the day.

timeline

4) Explore a specific district

Select one district by clicking on the map.

select-secteur

Have a look at the chart entitled "In the selected district" where you can follow hourly variations of ambient population (for each group of the selected indicator) in the district under consideration. Colours have the same colour code than in the indicator menu. Here, last transportation mode used by present population in the selected district was coloured in blue for public transportation, in pink for private motor vehicle and in green for soft mobility.

graph-empile

By clicking on 'Unique' mode, you can limit representation of the hourly variations for only one subgroup :

graph-simple

5) Explore spatial segregation

The block of graphs entitled "In the whole region" displays two segregation indices computed from every district of the region for each hour of the day.

Duncan Index (also called Dissimilarity Index) measures the evenness with which a specific population subgroup is distributed across districts in a whole region. This index score can be interpreted as the percentage of people belonging to the subgroup under consideration that would have to move to achieve an even distribution in the whole region.

duncan

The example above displays, hour by hour, the Duncan Index (Paris region - 2010) for to ambient population residing in or outside 'Poverty Areas'. Duncan index range from 0 to 1. A Duncan Segregation Index value of 0 occurs when the share of ambient population residing in 'Poverty Areas' in every district is the same as the share of people residing in 'Poverty Areas' in the whole region. Conversely, a Duncan Segregation Index value of 1 occurs when each district gathers only one of the two population subgroups. In our example, Duncan value is found to be higher between 8pm and 7am, indicating a stronger segregation at night (further away from an even distribution): this corresponds to the hours when most of the individuals are at home or in their district of residence. The value of the index decreases during the day: because of their mobility, people residing in and outside of 'Poverty Areas' are more mixed (situation closer to even distribution).

By clicking on the "Moran" button, a second graph is displayed with the Moran index which measures the similarity in the profiles of the ambient population for neighbouring districts.

moran

The Moran index values vary from -1 to +1: the closer its value is to 1, the more similar the spatially close districts are (with same distribution of the subgroup under consideration); the closer its value is to -1, the more dissimilar the spatially close districts are (with different distribution of the subgroup under consideration). When the Moran index value is 0, no similarity/dissimilarity pattern between neighbouring districts appears in the whole region. In our example, the Moran index values are positive and increase during the day: it means that spatial blocks of similar districts (according to the proportion of inhabitants of 'Poverty Areas') are formed during the day. This result does not contradict Duncan's index but complements it: people residing in 'Poverty Areas' visit during the day other districts than their residential district but tend to visit districts close to each other. And the same is true for people residing outside 'Poverty Areas'

It should be noted that in the case of an indicator subdivided into two groups (eg. male/female or people residing in/outside 'Poverty Areas'), Duncan and Moran values are the same for the two groups and therefore the curves are overlapping.

For more information on the two indices used (Duncan et Moran), click help button next to the index name.

6) Change map backgrounds

By clicking on the button in the central map, several layers can be displayed to make it easier to find your way around the interactive map: a simple base map (default layer), a more detailed one and aerial photos.

osm-simple osm-setail satellite

In French cities, you can display official statistics zonings (Zonage en Aires Urbaines - ZAU de 2010 ; zonage en Aires d'Attraction des Villes AAV de 2020)

zau aav

or some institutional zonings such as 'Poverty Areas' (QPV) or those related to 'Action Coeur de Ville' (ACV) or 'Petites Villes de Demain' (PVD) programs.

qpv acv pvv
A tool can be used to list the French Mobiliscope areas according to their location in these three institutional zonings (ACV, PVD, QPV).

In Latin American cities, map backgrounds about municipalities and centre/periphery rings are available, as well as TransMilenio in Bogotá.

couronne

7) Download data

Data displayed in the Mobiliscope are under open license (ODbL). Mobiliscope data are reusable as they remain under open license and that the sources are mentioned.

By clicking on the button above the central map, you can download data aggregated data by district and by hour. By clicking on the button in the bottom graph, you can also download data about hourly segregation values (Duncan's or Moran's index) computed for the whole region over the 24 hours period.

8) Partager une vue particulière

By clicking on the button , you can copy the URL of your map or share it directly by email or on social networks. The URL records your choice of indicator as well as the district and hour selected.



To go further

You can also visit the information pages of the website to learn more about our methodology and Geoviz process, as well as the codes and data available in open access.
Enjoy!

Describing ambient population

In the Mobiliscope, people can be characterised according to their demographic and social profile and their residential area, as well as the nature of their activity and the last mode of travel they used to reach their destination.

Global overview

  • Whole population. It displays the whole ambient population (aged 16 years and over; for Canadian cities aged 15 and over).
  • Residing in/out the district. The whole ambient population has been divided into two groups (residing in the district versus residing outside the district)

Demographic profile

  • Age divided into four groups: 16-24 years (15-24 for Canadian cities); 25-34 years; 35-64 years; 65 and more.
  • Sex: Female and Male.

  • Household composition
  • This indicator defines the household type in which people live:
    • For French cities, household composition is categorised into four groups: single person; couple without children (referent person of the household or his/her partner); household (excluding couple) without children (i.e. members of a household composed only of adults, without children under 16); household with children (i.e. members of a household composed of one or more adults with child(ren) under 16 - members are not necessarily related to each other).
    • For Canadian cities, household composition is categorised into three groups: single person; household without children (i.e. members of a household composed of adults only, with no children under 15); household with children (i.e. members of a household composed of one or more adults with child(ren) under 15 - members are not necessarily related to each other).
    • For Latin American cities, household composition is categorised into five groups: single person; nuclear family without children (i.e. members with direct filial relationship without children under 16); complex household without children (i.e. at least one member without a direct filial relationship and without child under 16); nuclear family with children (i.e. members with a direct filial relationship with at least one child under 16); complex household with children (i.e. at least one member without a direct filial relationship and with at least one child under 16).

Social profile

Indicators relative to the social profile are different from one city to another.

In French cities

  • Educational level . We merged respondent's achieved level of education in four groups of individual educational status: low (middle school or less); middle-low (high school without Baccalauréat); middle-high (up to two years after Baccalauréat); and high (three years or more after Baccalauréat).
    We also computed household educational status corresponding to the lowest level of education of the adults in the household.
  • Socioprofessional status. We merged socioprofessional data in five groups of individual socioprofessional status: inactive (unemployed long term, housework); workers; employees; intermediate occupations (intermediary professionals, craftsmen, merchants, employers of more than 10 employees and farm operators); and managers and higher intellectual professionals.
    We also computed household socioprofessional status corresponding to the lowest socioprofessional category of the adults in the household.
  • Occupational status in five groups: inactive; retired; unemployed; student; active.
  • Household income - only for the Paris region. Monthly household income has been divided by the number of adults and children in the household to get household income per consumption units (CU). We distinguished four groups: low (< 1,084€/CU); middle-low (1,084-1,806€/CU); middle-high (1,806-2,890€/CU); high (>2,890€/CU). Income intervals have been defined according to median household income in the Paris region (equal to 1,806€/CU in 2010). The first threshold (1,084€/CU) or 'poverty threshold' corresponds to 60% of median household income; the second one (1806€/CU) corresponds to the median household income; the third one (2,890€/CU) corresponds to 160% of median household income.

In Canadian cities

  • Household income. Annual household income (after tax) has been divided by the number of adults and children in the household. We distinguished four groups: low (< 19,669$/year); middle-low (19,669-39,337$/year); middle-high (39337-68840$/year); high (>68,840$/year). Income intervals have been defined according to median household income for a one-person household in Quebec (equal to 39337$/year in 2015). The first threshold (19669$/year) or 'low income measure' corresponds to 50% of median household income; the second one (39,337$/year) corresponds to the median household income; the third one (68,840$/year) corresponds to 175% of median household income. Because of large number of missing incomes (20%), an additional 'missing' class has been added
  • Occupational status in five groups: inactive; retired; unemployed; student; active.

In Latin American cities

  • Level of education based on the last degree obtained by the respondents. We aggregated individual education levels into four groups: low (less than 9 years of studies); intermediate (between 9 and 11 years of studies); high (between 12 and 15 years of studies); and very high (at least 16 years of studies).
    Education level was also measured at the household level based on the highest level of education of adults in the household.
  • Household income. Income has been divided by the number of adults and children in the household. We distinguished five groups: very low; low; intermediate; high; very high. The ranges chosen for each city were defined according to the national minimum salary. Imputation methods were used for missing data.
  • Socioprofessional status. The active population was divided into four categories: unskilled workers; skilled workers; self-employed ; and executives and higher intellectual professions.
  • Occupational status into five groups: inactive; retired; unemployed; student; active.
  • Professional informality for Bogotá and São Paulo only. Informal work was approached by combining the category of employment and the economic sector of the employing firm, following the methods proposed by the International Labor Organization (ILO). When information was insufficient to follow the decision rules advocated by the ILO, education and income level have also been used.

Residential area

Indicators about the profile of residential areas are available in French and Latine America cities.

In French cities

  • Residential location in the urban/peripheral rings. Three areas were defined: inner city ; urban area ; suburban/peripheral area. 'Inner city' refers to central (administrative) city in charge of the origin-destination survey. 'Urban area' refers to districts which are totally (or mainly) included in large, middle or small urban clusters as defined in the 2010 'Zoning into Urban Areas - ZAU' (French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies). The remaining districts have been labelled as belonging to 'suburban/peripheral area'.
  • Residential location in/outside 'Poverty Areas' (Quartiers Prioritaires en Politique de la Ville - QPV ). Respondents have been divided into two groups (living in or outside 'Poverty Areas') according to the overlap between their local area of residence (called 'zone fine' in the French survey) and the boundaries of the 'Poverty Areas' (Quartiers prioritaires de la Politique de la Ville - QPV). Since French Origin-Destination surveys do not provide information on the exact residential location, respondents have been defined as living in 'Poverty Areas' if their local areas of residence include a majority (> 51%) of population in 'Poverty Areas' according to 2013 population census. Note that there are 'Priority Areas' in every French city region in the Mobiliscope except for the Annecy region.
  • Departments of residence- only for the Paris region.

In Latin American cities

  • Residential location in the urban/peripheral rings. Rings were divided into 4 groups: center; pericenter; close periphery; distant periphery. This division is based on the one proposed in the book Mobilities and Urban Change. Bogotá, Santiago and São Paulo edited by F. Dureau, T. Lulle, S. Souchaud and Y. Contreras (2014).
  • Socio-economic stratum of residence - for Bogotá only. Socioeconomic stratification is a typology of Colombian public actors to establish the rates of public services available for households according to their place of residence: dwellings were described according to the characteristics of the dwellings and their close environment (quality of the building, roadway, presence of facilities, etc).
  • Housing tenure. We consider the status of the household dwelling (ownership, rental, usufruct, etc.) and the place of the respondent in the household and define three tenure status: owner (when the person - or his/her partner - owns the dwelling); tenant (when the person - or his/her partner - rents the dwelling); rent-free tenants (when the person lives - or his/her partner - in a dwelling without owning or renting it). Usufructuaries, persons occupying a dwelling free of charge or housed in an owner-occupied or tenant-occupied dwelling are included in this category. For respondents under 25 living with their parents, the tenure status of the parents is considered.

Activity/Travel behaviour

In contrast with indicators related to individual/household characteristics, indicators related to activity and travel mode may change for one individual throughout the day.

  • Activity places. From trip purposes, we isolated activities performed at home and we distinguished 4 activities performed in out-of-home places: working, studying, shopping, leisure (recreational, cultural or sporting activities, family and personal visits). For French and Canadian cities, we have excluded 'unspecified activity' and 'activity related to chaperoning or chauffeuring'. The sample of locations related to these activities was too small and it does not make sense to gather them with some other activities. For Latin American cities only, we introduced another category to group together administrative and so-called "personal" activities (including accompanying activities) motivating a significant proportion of trips.
  • Last travel mode. It concerns the last travel mode used to reach destination. Three groups modes have been distinguished: soft mobility (walking, cycling...), individual motor vehicle (two-wheeled motor vehicle, personal cars or motorcycles, cabs...) and collective transportation (bus, metro, train, tram, company transport...). For Bogotá, the TransMilenio and its network of secondary buses were isolated from collective transportation as a separate group.
    If more than one mode of transport is used during a trip (so-called 'multi-modal' trips), the main mode is established by giving priority to collective transport, then to individual motor vehicle and finally to soft mobility. Thus, a trip in which bus and private car has been used is classified as a trip made mainly by collective transportation.

Detailed informations about indicators sample size for every city region

Respondents aged 15 yrs. and over in Canada or aged 16 yrs. and over in the other cities

City region Year Number of respondents With socioprof. status at household/ indiv.level With education data at household/ indiv. level With household income With occupational status With activity at 6pm/at 3am With travel mode at 6pm/at 3am
Albi region 2011 2,339 2,292/
2,205
2,292/
2,205
- 2,298 2,130/
2,325
1,802/
1,998
Alençon region 2018 6,520 6,443/
6,313
6,443/
6,313
- 6,399 6,003/
6,489
5,168/
5,662
Amiens region 2010 7,097 6,773/
6,384
6,768/
6,364
- 7,054 6,560/
7,066
5,609/
6,127
Angers region 2012 3,983 3,840/
3,611
3,844/
3,617
- 3,917 3,597/
3,965
3,187/
3,569
Angoulême region 2012 2,684 2,617/
2,489
2,617/
2,489
- 2,635 2,442/
2,673
2,145/
2,380
Annecy region 2017 4,953 4,885/
4,712
4,889/
4,717
- 4,901 4,428/
4,917
3,823/
4,327
Annemasse region 2016 5,905 5,830/
5,590
5,838/
5,603
- 5,833 4,935/
5,871
4,386/
5,328
Bayonne region 2010 7,387 7,328/
6,944
6,874/
6,395
- 7,246 6,858/
7,374
5,691/
6,215
Besançon region 2018 3,980 3,776/
3,590
3,777/
3,591
- 3,947 3,657/
3,965
3,222/
3,537
Béziers region 2014 4,212 4,154/
4,068
4,140/
4,047
- 4,011 3,910/
4,204
3,371/
3,672
Bogotá region 2019 49,757 -/
26,762
49,750/
49,756
49,757 48,038 44,986/
49,482
36,012/
40,688
Bordeaux region 2009 13,793 13,349/
12,465
12,510/
11,557
- 13,596 12,899/
13,770
11,267/
12,156
Brest region 2018 6,518 6,313/
6,050
6,313/
6,050
- 6,352 6,114/
6,502
5,443/
5,841
Caen region 2011 10,000 9,674/
9,134
8,706/
8,126
- 9,778 9,443/
9,982
8,195/
8,747
Carcassonne region 2015 2,891 2,843/
2,781
2,843/
2,781
- 2,854 2,705/
2,883
2,267/
2,447
Cherbourg region 2016 4,207 4,144/
4,021
4,144/
4,021
- 4,136 3,970/
4,198
3,377/
3,609
Clermont-Ferrand region 2012 8,052 7,776/
7,387
7,777/
7,388
- 7,907 7,619/
8,044
6,609/
7,051
Creil region 2017 4,581 4,467/
4,277
4,467/
4,278
- 4,483 3,813/
4,534
3,317/
4,046
Dijon region 2016 4,372 4,172/
3,887
4,173/
3,901
- 4,321 4,102/
4,355
3,616/
3,872
Douai region 2012 5,344 5,324/
4,921
5,322/
4,928
- 5,230 4,677/
5,300
3,807/
4,439
Dunkerque region 2015 4,537 4,500/
4,230
4,501/
4,235
- 4,466 4,226/
4,523
3,600/
3,904
Fort-de-France region 2014 4,179 4,163/
3,849
4,164/
3,855
- 13,528 12,810/
13,803
11,287/
12,303
Grenoble region 2010 13,834 13,375/
12,338
13,355/
12,301
24,449 25,944 23,485/
26,280
21,610/
24,463
La Rochelle region 2011 2,902 2,831/
2,712
2,832/
2,713
- 13,557 13,312/
13,801
10,398/
10,904
Le Havre region 2018 6,540 6,434/
6,150
6,434/
6,150
- 2,817 2,663/
2,894
2,344/
2,577
Lille region 2016 7,949 7,458/
6,797
7,436/
6,752
- 6,440 6,150/
6,523
5,202/
5,587
Longwy region 2014 3,347 3,290/
3,193
3,296/
3,206
- 7,825 7,244/
7,913
6,345/
7,023
Lyon region 2015 24,070 22,981/
21,433
22,986/
21,445
- 3,287 2,907/
3,322
2,350/
2,771
Marseille region 2009 19,380 19,122/
17,697
19,112/
17,626
- 23,735 22,448/
24,008
19,561/
21,173
Metz region 2017 6,490 6,321/
5,969
6,319/
5,962
- 18,975 18,116/
19,339
15,812/
17,072
Montpellier region 2014 11,433 10,644/
9,946
10,650/
9,960
- 4,109 4,044/
4,178
2,903/
3,041
Montréal region 2013 155,853 -/
-
-/
-
- 6,423 5,801/
6,447
5,022/
5,681
Nancy region 2013 9,657 9,100/
8,511
9,110/
8,520
- 11,237 10,644/
11,405
9,340/
10,122
Nantes region 2015 17,357 16,895/
16,060
16,908/
16,066
155,853 155,790 152,262/
155,762
119,949/
124,042
Nice region 2009 14,989 14,905/
14,021
12,742/
10,537
- 9,439 8,942/
9,628
7,620/
8,327
Nîmes region 2015 4,519 4,432/
4,137
4,428/
4,124
- 17,134 16,045/
17,314
14,079/
15,372
Niort region 2016 2,869 2,805/
2,732
2,805/
2,732
- 14,752 13,960/
14,963
11,737/
12,761
Ottawa-Gatineau region 2011 48,767 -/
-
-/
-
- 4,383 4,151/
4,502
3,396/
3,753
Paris region 2010 26,312 26,003/
23,814
25,936/
23,696
- 2,828 2,601/
2,858
2,255/
2,514
Poitiers region 2018 4,106 3,730/
3,603
3,730/
3,603
48,767 48,767 47,908/
48,759
38,777/
39,756
Québec region 2011 48,660 -/
-
-/
-
- 4,045 3,742/
4,075
3,299/
3,641
Quimper region 2013 4,696 4,639/
4,519
4,639/
4,519
48,660 48,660 46,738/
48,408
38,488/
40,284
Rennes region 2018 9,317 9,007/
8,589
9,007/
8,589
- 4,550 4,384/
4,680
3,626/
3,925
Rouen region 2017 8,905 8,568/
7,930
8,580/
7,952
- 9,254 8,580/
9,275
7,663/
8,379
Saguenay region 2015 13,942 -/
-
-/
-
- 8,746 8,064/
8,872
6,896/
7,722
Saint-Brieuc region 2012 3,570 3,517/
3,403
3,517/
3,403
13,942 13,942 13,668/
13,904
10,449/
10,719
Saint-Denis region 2016 13,801 13,663/
12,618
13,671/
12,639
- 3,503 3,219/
3,543
2,840/
3,168
Saint-Étienne region 2010 8,525 8,365/
7,788
8,346/
7,740
- 8,309 7,922/
8,499
6,671/
7,257
Santiago region 2012 29,733 -/
15,757
29,733/
29,732
29,733 29,732 27,513/
29,608
22,457/
24,768
São Paulo region 2017 71,866 -/
41,190
71,858/
71,866
71,866 71,866 67,909/
71,844
45,292/
49,373
Sherbrooke region 2012 19,908 -/
-
-/
-
19,908 19,908 19,017/
19,718
15,109/
15,850
Strasbourg region 2009 10,052 9,789/
9,016
9,714/
8,811
- 9,886 9,320/
10,029
8,154/
8,881
Thionville region 2012 3,609 3,516/
3,318
3,515/
3,317
- 3,551 3,020/
3,582
2,549/
3,113
Toulouse region 2013 11,141 9,992/
9,207
10,011/
9,216
- 11,032 10,234/
11,115
9,055/
9,953
Tours region 2019 7,624 7,336/
7,040
7,336/
7,040
- 7,530 7,069/
7,589
6,070/
6,603
Trois-Rivières region 2011 18,936 -/
-
-/
-
18,936 18,936 18,132/
18,819
13,439/
14,186
Valence region 2014 5,143 5,089/
4,867
5,091/
4,874
- 5,026 4,735/
5,124
4,057/
4,453
Valenciennes region 2019 5,647 5,515/
5,214
5,515/
5,214
- 5,517 5,150/
5,616
4,249/
4,730